C++20
The curent revision of the C++ standard
This section is incomplete |
New language features
- Feature test macros
- 3-way comparison operator <=> and operator==() = default
- designated initializers
- init-statements and initializers in range-
for
- char8_t
-
[[no_unique_address]]
-
[[likely]]
-
[[unlikely]]
- pack-expansions in lambda init-captures
- removed the requirement to use
typename
to disambiguate types in many contexts - consteval, constinit
- further relaxed constexpr
- signed integers are 2's complement
- aggregate initialization using parentheses
- Coroutines
- Modules
- Constraints and concepts
- Abbreviated function templates
- DR: array new can deduce array size
New library features
New headers
- <concepts>
- <coroutine>
- <compare>
- <version>
- <source_location>
- <format>
- <span>
- <ranges>
- <bit>
- <numbers>
- <syncstream>
Library features
- Library feature-test macros
- Formatting library
- Calendar and Time Zone library
- std::source_location
- std::span
- std::endian
- array support for std::make_shared
- std::remove_cvref
- std::to_address
- floating point and shared_ptr atomics
- std::barrier, std::latch, and std::counting_semaphore
- std::jthread and thread cancellation classes
- std::osyncstream
- std::u8string and other char8_t uses
- constexpr for
<algorithm>
,<utility>
,<complex>
- std::string::starts_with / ends_with and std::string_view::starts_with / ends_with
- std::assume_aligned
- std::bind_front
- std::c8rtomb/std::mbrtoc8
- std::make_obj_using_allocator etc
- std::make_shared_for_overwrite/std::make_unique_for_overwrite
- heterogeneous lookup in unordered associative containers
- std::polymoprhic_allocator with additional member functions and std::byte as its default template argument
- std::execution::unseq
- std::midpoint and std::lerp
- std::ssize
- std::is_bounded_array, std::is_unbounded_array
- Ranges
- uniform container erasure (
std::erase
/std::erase_if
) - Mathematical constants
Defect reports
Compiler support
Main Article: C++ compiler support
C++20 core language features
C++20 feature |
Paper(s) |
GCC |
Clang |
MSVC |
Apple Clang |
EDG eccp |
Intel C++ |
IBM XLC++ |
Sun/Oracle C++ |
Embarcadero C++ Builder |
Cray |
Portland Group (PGI) |
Nvidia nvcc |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allow lambda-capture [=, this]
|
P0409R2 | 8 | 6 | 19.22* |
10.0.0* |
5.1 | ||||||||
__VA_OPT__
|
P0306R4 P1042R1 |
8 (partial)* 10 (partial)* |
9 | 19.25* |
11.0.3* |
5.1 | ||||||||
Designated initializers | P0329R4 | 4.7 (partial)* 8 |
3.0 (partial)* 10 |
19.21* | (partial)* | 5.1 | ||||||||
template-parameter-list for generic lambdas | P0428R2 | 8 | 9 | 19.22* |
11.0.0* |
5.1 | ||||||||
Default member initializers for bit-fields | P0683R1 | 8 | 6 | 19.25* |
10.0.0* |
5.1 | ||||||||
Initializer list constructors in class template argument deduction | P0702R1 | 8 | 6 | 19.14* | Yes | 5.0 | ||||||||
const&-qualified pointers to members | P0704R1 | 8 | 6 | 19.0* |
10.0.0* |
5.1 | ||||||||
Concepts | P0734R0 | 6 (TS only) 10 |
10 | 19.23* (partial)* | 6.1 | |||||||||
Lambdas in unevaluated contexts | P0315R4 | 9 | 19.28* | |||||||||||
Three-way comparison operator | P0515R3 | 10 | 8 (partial) 10 |
19.20* | 5.1 | |||||||||
DR: Simplifying implicit lambda capture | P0588R1 | 8 | 19.24* | 5.1 | ||||||||||
init-statements for range-based for | P0614R1 | 9 | 8 | 19.25* |
11.0.0* |
6.0 | ||||||||
Default constructible and assignable stateless lambdas | P0624R2 | 9 | 8 | 19.22* |
10.0.1* |
5.1 | ||||||||
const mismatch with defaulted copy constructor | P0641R2 | 9 | 8 | 19.21* (partial) |
10.0.1* |
5.1 | ||||||||
Access checking on specializations | P0692R1 | Yes | 8 (partial) | 19.26* |
10.0.1* (partial) |
5.1 | ||||||||
ADL and function templates that are not visible | P0846R0 | 9 | 9 | 19.21* |
11.0.3* |
5.1 | ||||||||
Less eager instantiation of constexpr functions
|
P0859R0 | 5.2 (partial)* 9 |
8 | |||||||||||
Attributes [[likely]] and [[unlikely]]
|
P0479R5 | 9 | 12 (partial) | 19.26* | 5.1 | |||||||||
Make typename more optional
|
P0634R3 | 9 | 5.1 | |||||||||||
Pack expansion in lambda init-capture | P0780R2 | 9 | 9 | 19.22* |
11.0.3* |
6.1 | ||||||||
Attribute [[no_unique_address]]
|
P0840R2 | 9 | 9 |
11.0.3* |
5.1 | |||||||||
Conditionally Trivial Special Member Functions | P0848R3 | 10 | 19.28* | 6.1 | ||||||||||
DR: Relaxing the structured bindings customization point finding rules | P0961R1 | 8 | 8 | 19.21* |
10.0.1* |
5.1 | ||||||||
DR: Relaxing the range-for loop customization point finding rules
|
P0962R1 | 8 | 8 | 5.1 | ||||||||||
DR: Allow structured bindings to accessible members | P0969R0 | 8 | 8 | 19.21* |
10.0.1* |
5.1 | ||||||||
Destroying operator delete | P0722R3 | 9 | 6 | 19.27* |
10.0.0* |
6.1 | ||||||||
Class types in non-type template parameters | P0732R2 | 9 | 19.26* | |||||||||||
Deprecate implicit capture of this via [=]
|
P0806R2 | 9 | 19.22* | 5.1 | ||||||||||
explicit(bool) | P0892R2 | 9 | 9 | 19.24* |
11.0.3* |
5.1 | ||||||||
Integrating feature-test macros | P0941R2 | 5 | 3.4 | 19.15* (partial) 19.20* |
Yes | 5.0 | ||||||||
Prohibit aggregates with user-declared constructors | P1008R1 | 9 | 8 | 19.20* |
10.0.1* |
5.1 | ||||||||
constexpr virtual function
|
P1064R0 | 9 | 9 |
11.0.3* |
5.1 | |||||||||
Consistency improvements for comparisons | P1120R0 | 10 | 8 (partial) 10 |
19.22* |
10.0.1* (partial) |
5.1 | ||||||||
char8_t
|
P0482R6 | 9 | 7 | 19.22* |
10.0.0* |
5.1 | ||||||||
std::is_constant_evaluated() | P0595R2 | 9 | 9 | 19.25* |
11.0.3* |
5.1 | 19.1 | |||||||
constexpr try -catch blocks
|
P1002R1 | 9 | 8 | 19.25* |
10.0.1* |
5.1 | ||||||||
Immediate functions (consteval) | P1073R3 | 10 (partial)* 11 |
19.28** (partial) |
5.1 | ||||||||||
Nested inline namespaces | P1094R2 | 9 | 8 | 19.27* |
10.0.1* |
5.1 | ||||||||
Yet another approach for constrained declarations | P1141R2 | 10 | 10 | 19.26* (partial) | 6.1 | |||||||||
Signed integers are two's complement | P1236R1 | 9 | 9 | N/A |
11.0.3* |
N/A | ||||||||
constexpr dynamic_cast and polymorphic typeid
|
P1327R1 | 10 | 9 |
11.0.3* |
5.1 | |||||||||
Changing the active member of a union inside constexpr
|
P1330R0 | 9 | 9 | 19.10* |
11.0.3* |
5.1 | ||||||||
Coroutines | P0912R5 | 10 | 8 (partial) | 19.25* 19.28* |
10.0.1* (partial) |
5.1 | ||||||||
Parenthesized initialization of aggregates | P0960R3 | 10 | 19.28* | 5.1 | ||||||||||
DR: Array size deduction in new-expressions | P1009R2 | 11 | 9 | 19.27* |
11.0.3* |
5.1 | ||||||||
Modules | P1103R3 | 8 (partial) | 19.25* (partial) 19.28* |
10.0.1* (partial) |
||||||||||
Stronger Unicode requirements | P1041R4 P1139R2 |
10 | Yes | 19.0* (P1041R4) 19.26* (P1139R2) |
Yes | N/A | ||||||||
<=> != ==
|
P1185R2 | 10 | 10 | 19.22* | 5.1 | |||||||||
DR: Explicitly defaulted functions with different exception specifications | P1286R2 | 10 | 9 |
11.0.3* |
5.1 | |||||||||
Lambda capture and storage class specifiers of structured bindings | P1091R3 P1381R1 |
10 | 8 (partial) | 19.11*(P1381R1) 19.24*(P1091R3) |
10.0.1* (partial) |
5.1 | ||||||||
Permit conversions to arrays of unknown bound | P0388R4 | 10 | 19.27* | 6.0 | ||||||||||
constexpr container operations | P0784R7 | 10 | 10 | 6.0 | ||||||||||
Deprecating some uses of volatile
|
P1152R4 | 10 | 10 | 19.27* | 6.0 | |||||||||
constinit | P1143R2 | 10 | 10 | 6.1 | ||||||||||
Deprecate comma operator in subscripts | P1161R3 | 10 | 9 | 19.25* |
11.0.3* |
6.0 | ||||||||
[[nodiscard]] with message
|
P1301R4 | 10 | 9 | 19.25* |
11.0.3* |
6.0 | ||||||||
Trivial default initialization in constexpr functions | P1331R2 | 10 | 10 | 19.27* | 6.1 | |||||||||
Unevaluated asm-declaration in constexpr functions | P1668R1 | 10 | 10 | 6.1 | ||||||||||
using enum | P1099R5 | 19.24* | ||||||||||||
Synthesizing three-way comparison for specified comparison category | P1186R3 | 10 | 19.24* | 6.0 | ||||||||||
DR: [[nodiscard]] for constructors
|
P1771R1 | 10 | 9 | 19.24* |
11.0.3* |
6.0 | ||||||||
Class template argument deduction for alias templates | P1814R0 | 10 | 19.27* | |||||||||||
Class template argument deduction for aggregates | P1816R0 P2082R1 |
10(P1816R0) 11(P2082R1) |
19.27*(P1816R0) | |||||||||||
DR: Implicit move for more local objects and rvalue references | P1825R0 | 11* | 19.24* | 6.0 | ||||||||||
Allow defaulting comparisons by value | P1946R0 | 10 | 10 | 19.25* | 6.1 | |||||||||
Remove std::weak_equality and std::strong_equality
|
P1959R0 | 10 | 10 | 19.25* | 6.1 | |||||||||
Inconsistencies with non-type template parameters | P1907R1 | 9 | 19.26* | |||||||||||
DR: Pseudo-destructors end object lifetimes | P0593R6 | 11 | 11 | N/A | ||||||||||
DR: Converting from T* to bool should be considered narrowing
|
P1957R2 | 10* 11* |
19.27* | 6.1 | ||||||||||
C++20 feature |
Paper(s) |
GCC |
Clang |
MSVC |
Apple Clang |
EDG eccp |
Intel C++ |
IBM XLC++ |
Sun/Oracle C++ |
Embarcadero C++ Builder |
Cray |
Portland Group (PGI) |
Nvidia nvcc |
C++20 library features
C++20 feature |
Paper(s) |
GCC libstdc++ |
Clang libc++ |
MSVC Standard Library |
Apple Clang |
Sun/Oracle C++ Standard Library |
Embarcadero C++ Builder Standard Library |
Cray C++ Standard Library |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
std::endian | P0463R1 | 8 | 7 | 19.22* |
10.0.0* |
||||
Extending std::make_shared() to support arrays | P0674R1 | 19.27* | |||||||
Floating point atomic | P0020R6 | 10 | 19.22* | ||||||
Synchronized buffered ostream | P0053R7 | ||||||||
constexpr for <algorithm> and <utility>
|
P0202R3 | 10 | 8 (partial) | 19.26* |
10.0.1* (partial) |
||||
More constexpr for <complex>
|
P0415R1 | 9 | 7 (partial) | 19.27* |
10.0.0* (partial) |
||||
Make std::memory_order a scoped enumeration | P0439R0 | 9 | 9 | 19.25* |
11.0.3* |
||||
String prefix and suffix checking | P0457R2 | 9 | 6 | 19.21* |
10.0.0* |
||||
Library support for operator<=> <compare>
|
P0768R1 | 10 | 7 (partial) At least 12* |
19.20* (partial) |
10.0.0* (partial) |
||||
std::remove_cvref | P0550R2 | 9 | 6 | 19.20* |
10.0.0* |
||||
[[nodiscard]] in the standard library
|
P0600R1 | 9 | 7 (partial) | 19.13* (partial) 19.22* |
10.0.0* (partial) |
||||
Using std::move in numeric algorithms
|
P0616R0 | 9 | 19.23* | ||||||
Utility to convert a pointer to a raw pointer | P0653R2 | 8 | 6 | 19.22* | Yes | ||||
Atomic std::shared_ptr and std::weak_ptr | P0718R2 | 19.27* | |||||||
std::span | P0122R7 | 10 | 7 | 19.26* |
10.0.0* |
||||
Calendar and timezone | P0355R7 | 7 (partial) |
10.0.0* (partial) |
||||||
<version> | P0754R2 | 9 | 7 | 19.22* |
10.0.0* |
||||
Comparing unordered containers | P0809R0 | 16.0* | |||||||
ConstexprIterator requirements | P0858R0 | 9 | 19.11* | ||||||
std::basic_string::reserve() should not shrink | P0966R1 | 11 | 8 | 19.25* |
10.0.1* |
||||
Atomic Compare-And-Exchange With Padding Bits | P0528R3 | 19.28* | |||||||
std::atomic_ref | P0019R8 | 10 | 19.28* | ||||||
contains() member function of associative containers
|
P0458R2 | 9 | 9 | 19.21* |
11.0.3* |
||||
DR: Guaranteed copy elision for piecewise construction | P0475R1 | 9 | |||||||
std::bit_cast() | P0476R2 | 19.27* | |||||||
Integral power-of-2 operations | P0556R3 P1956R1 | 9 (P0556R3) 10 (P1956R1) |
9 (P0556R3) | 19.25* (P0556R3)* 19.27* (P1956R1)* 19.28* |
|||||
Improving the return value of erase-like algorithms | P0646R1 | 9 | 10 | 19.21* | |||||
std::destroying_delete | P0722R3 | 9 | 9 | 19.27* |
11.0.3* |
||||
std::is_nothrow_convertible | P0758R1 | 9 | 9 | 19.23* |
11.0.3* |
||||
Add shift to <algorithm>
|
P0769R2 | 10 | 19.21* | ||||||
Constexpr for std::swap() and swap related functions
|
P0879R0 | 10 | 19.26* | ||||||
std::type_identity | P0887R1 | 9 | 8 | 19.21* |
10.0.1* |
||||
Concepts library | P0898R3 | 10 | 19.23* | ||||||
constexpr comparison operators for std::array
|
P1023R0 | 10 | 8 | 19.27* |
10.0.1* |
||||
std::unwrap_ref_decay and std::unwrap_reference
|
P0318R1 | 9 | 8 | 19.21* |
10.0.1* |
||||
std::bind_front() | P0356R5 | 9 | 19.25* | ||||||
std::reference_wrapper for incomplete types | P0357R3 | 9 | 8 | 19.26* |
10.0.1* |
||||
Fixing operator>>(basic_istream&, CharT*) | P0487R1 | 11 | 8 | 19.23* |
10.0.1* |
||||
Library support for char8_t
|
P0482R6 | 9 | 19.22* | ||||||
Utility functions to implement uses-allocator construction | P0591R4 | 9 | |||||||
DR: std::variant and std::optional should propagate copy/move triviality | P0602R4 | 8.3 | 8 | 19.11* |
10.0.1* |
||||
A sane std::variant converting constructor | P0608R3 | 10 | 9 |
11.0.3* |
|||||
std::function's move constructor should be noexcept
|
P0771R1 | 7.2 | 6 | 19.22* | Yes | ||||
The One Ranges Proposal | P0896R4 | 10 | |||||||
Heterogeneous lookup for unordered containers | P0919R3 P1690R1 | 19.23* (P0919R3) 19.25* (P1690R1) |
|||||||
<chrono> zero() , min() , and max() should be noexcept
|
P0972R0 | 9 | 8 | 19.14* |
10.0.1* |
||||
constexpr in std::pointer_traits
|
P1006R1 | 9 | 8 | 19.26* |
10.0.1* |
||||
std::assume_aligned() | P1007R3 | 9* 11 |
19.29* | ||||||
Smart pointer creation with default initialization | P1020R1 P1973R1 |
||||||||
Misc constexpr bits | P1032R1 | 10 | 19.28* | ||||||
Remove comparison operators of std::span | P1085R2 | 10 | 8 | 19.26* |
10.0.1* |
||||
Make stateful allocator propagation more consistent for operator+(basic_string) | P1165R1 | 10 | 19.26* | ||||||
Consistent container erasure | P1209R0 P1115R3 | 9 (P1209R0) 10 (P1115R3) |
8 (P1209R0) 11 (P1115R3) |
19.25* (P1209R0) 19.27* (P1115R3) |
10.0.1* (P1209R0) |
||||
polymorphic_allocator<> as a vocabulary type | P0339R6 | 9 | 19.29* | ||||||
std::execution::unseq | P1001R2 | 9 | 19.28* | ||||||
std::lerp() and std::midpoint() | P0811R3 | 9 | 9 | 19.23* (partial) 19.28* |
11.0.3* |
||||
Usability enhancements for std::span | P1024R3 | 10 | 9 | 19.26* |
11.0.3* |
||||
DR: Make create_directory() Intuitive | P1164R1 | 8.3 | 19.20* | ||||||
std::ssize() and unsigned extent for std::span | P1227R2 | 10 | 9 | 19.25* |
11.0.3* |
||||
Traits for (un)bounded arrays | P1357R1 | 9 | 9 | 19.25* |
11.0.3* |
||||
std::to_array() | P0325R4 | 10 | 10 | 19.25* | |||||
Efficient access to std::basic_stringbuf’s Buffer | P0408R7 | ||||||||
Layout-compatibility and pointer-interconvertibility traits | P0466R5 | 19.27* | |||||||
Bit operations | P0553R4 | 9 | 9 | 19.25** 19.28* |
11.0.3* |
||||
Mathematical constants | P0631R8 | 10 | 11 | 19.25* | |||||
Text formatting | P0645R10 | ||||||||
std::stop_token and std::jthread | P0660R10 | 10 | 19.29* | ||||||
constexpr std::allocator and related utilities
|
P0784R7 | 10 | 12 | ||||||
constexpr std::string
|
P0980R1 | ||||||||
constexpr std::vector
|
P1004R2 | ||||||||
Input range adaptors | P1035R7 | 10 | |||||||
constexpr std::invoke() and related utilities
|
P1065R2 | 10 | 19.28* | ||||||
Atomic waiting and notifying, std::counting_semaphore, std::latch and std::barrier | P1135R6 | 19.28* | |||||||
std::source_location | P1208R6 | 7 (TS only) | |||||||
Adding <=> to the standard library
|
P1614R2 | 10 | |||||||
constexpr default constructor of std::atomic and std::atomic_flag
|
P0883R2 | 10 | 19.26* | ||||||
constexpr for numeric algorithms
|
P1645R1 | 10 | 19.26* | ||||||
Safe integral comparisons | P0586R2 | 10 | 19.27* | ||||||
C++20 feature |
Paper(s) |
GCC libstdc++ |
Clang libc++ |
MSVC Standard Library |
Apple Clang |
Sun/Oracle C++ Standard Library |
Embarcadero C++ Builder Standard Library |
Cray C++ Standard Library |
* - hover over the version number to see notes