std::is_convertible, std::is_nothrow_convertible

Defined in header `<type_traits>`
template< class From, class To > struct is_convertible;	(1)	(since C++11)
template< class From, class To > struct is_nothrow_convertible;	(2)	(since C++20)

1) If the imaginary function definition To test() { return std::declval<From>(); } is well-formed, (that is, either std::declval<From>() can be converted to To using implicit conversions, or both From and To are possibly cv-qualified void), provides the member constant value equal to true. Otherwise value is false. For the purposes of this check, the use of std::declval in the return statement is not considered an odr-use.

Access checks are performed as if from a context unrelated to either type. Only the validity of the immediate context of the expression in the return statement (including conversions to the return type) is considered.

2) Same as (1), but the conversion is also noexcept.

From and To shall each be a complete type, (possibly cv-qualified) void, or an array of unknown bound. Otherwise, the behavior is undefined.

If an instantiation of a template above depends, directly or indirectly, on an incomplete type, and that instantiation could yield a different result if that type were hypothetically completed, the behavior is undefined.

The behavior of a program that adds specializations for any of the templates described on this page is undefined.

Helper variable template

template< class From, class To > inline constexpr bool is_convertible_v = is_convertible<From, To>::value;		(since C++17)
template< class From, class To > inline constexpr bool is_nothrow_convertible_v = is_nothrow_convertible<From, To>::value;		(since C++20)

Inherited from std::integral_constant

Member constants

value

[static]

true if From is convertible to To , false otherwise
(public static member constant)

Member functions

operator bool	converts the object to bool, returns `value` (public member function)
operator() (C++14)	returns `value` (public member function)

Member types

Type	Definition
`value_type`	`bool`
`type`	std::integral_constant<bool, value>

Possible implementation

First version

namespace detail {
 
template<class T>
auto test_returnable(int) -> decltype(
    void(static_cast<T(*)()>(nullptr)), std::true_type{}
);
template<class>
auto test_returnable(...) -> std::false_type;
 
template<class From, class To>
auto test_implicitly_convertible(int) -> decltype(
    void(std::declval<void(&)(To)>()(std::declval<From>())), std::true_type{}
);
template<class, class>
auto test_implicitly_convertible(...) -> std::false_type;
 
} // namespace detail
 
template<class From, class To>
struct is_convertible : std::integral_constant<bool,
    (decltype(detail::test_returnable<To>(0))::value &&
     decltype(detail::test_implicitly_convertible<From, To>(0))::value) ||
    (std::is_void<From>::value && std::is_void<To>::value)
> {};

Second version

template<class From, class To>
struct is_nothrow_convertible : std::conjunction<std::is_void<From>, std::is_void<To>> {};
 
template<class From, class To>
    requires
        requires {
            static_cast<To(*)()>(nullptr);
            { std::declval<void(&)(To) noexcept>()(std::declval<From>()) } noexcept;
        }
struct is_nothrow_convertible<From, To> : std::true_type {};

Notes

Gives well-defined results for reference types, void types, array types, and function types.

Currently the standard has not specified whether the destruction of the object produced by the conversion (either a result object or a temporary bound to a reference) is considered as a part of the conversion. This is LWG issue 3400.

All known implementations treat the destruction as a part of the conversion, as proposed in P0758R1.

Example

Run this code

#include <iostream>
#include <type_traits>
 
class E { public: template<class T> E(T&&) { } };
 
int main() 
{
    class A {};
    class B : public A {};
    class C {};
    class D { public: operator C() { return c; }  C c; };
 
 
    bool b2a = std::is_convertible<B*, A*>::value;
    bool a2b = std::is_convertible<A*, B*>::value;
    bool b2c = std::is_convertible<B*, C*>::value;
    bool d2c = std::is_convertible<D, C>::value;
 
    // A Perfect Forwarding constructor make the class 'convert' from everything
 
    bool everything2e = std::is_convertible<A, E>::value; //< B, C, D, etc
 
    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
 
    std::cout << b2a << '\n';
    std::cout << a2b << '\n';
    std::cout << b2c << '\n';
    std::cout << d2c << '\n';
    std::cout << '\n';
    std::cout << everything2e << '\n';
}

Output:

true
false
false
true
 
true

Language
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